The World Health Organization addressed the need to vaccinate children in acute humanitarian emergencies by publishing the document entitled “Vaccination in acute humanitarian emergencies: a framework for decision making”. The lack of medical providers, medications and medical supplies has aggravated the situation leading to an increase in childhood morbidity and mortality. Ī rise in cases of vector-borne parasite diseases (i.e., malaria, leishmaniasis), vector-borne viruses, and other parasitic diseases in infant mortality has also been observed. Such conditions have led to acute respiratory (including COVID-19), and diarrheal illnesses such as cholera, skin infections and enteric diseases (i.e., cholera, and other enteric diseases). The infectious diseases encountered in these conflicts include infections resulting from trauma (e.g., wounds, burns, crush and blast injuries, open fractures, and amputations) lack of vaccination (e.g., tetanus, diphtheria, polio, pertussis, measles, mumps, varicella, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), meningococcus, pneumococcus, hepatitis B, rotavirus, tuberculosis, and COVID-19) overcrowding poor hygiene, sanitation, and nutrition as well as lack of clean food and water. Children have been continuously victimized by military and civil conflicts across the world in countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bangladesh, Venezuela, and Ukraine. The recent devastating earthquakes in Turkey and Syria had devastating effects on children and increased the risk of infectious diseases in the affected population. Short title: Pediatric Infections in Armed Conflicts Manuscript submitted February 13, 2023, accepted February 16, 2023, published online March 28, 2023 Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC 20016, USA
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